Mammographic Calcifications in Women in Ibadan, South‑West Nigeria: A Seven Years Review
Article Sidebar
Views | PDF/EPUB Downloads:
51
/ 7
/ 7
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background/Aims: The purpose of this paper is to present the various types of calcifications seen on mammograms in Nigerian
women in Ibadan. The study was to describe calcifications using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data
System (ACR‑BIRADS) classification, document the incidence of the various types of calcifications in a Nigerian population and also
report on any association between these calcifications and the demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 894 mammograms done in the Radiology Department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan over a seven year period (2006–2013). The mammographic evaluation was carried out by two radiologists. Calcifications were described and classified using the ACR‑BIRADS system. Patients’ demographic data were obtained using the departmental breast imaging questionnaire.
Results: Of the 894 women (with an age range of 30–82 years), 213 (23.8%) had calcifications on their mammograms. Macro‑calcifications (81.2%) were more common than micro‑calcifications (18.8%). The most common distribution of these calcifications was the clustered type. Vascular calcifications (31.2%) were the common morphologic type of macro‑calcifications while the punctate calcifications (15.5%) were the common morphologic type of micro‑calcifications. About 12.3% of the women had associated masses, 3.3% had associated asymmetric density and 1.9% had associated architectural distortion. A quarter of micro‑calcifications fell under 'higher probability of malignancy' (BIRADS 3) and 39% fell under 'intermediate concern of malignancy' (BIRADS 2). 18.4% of the women were asked to undergo further imaging studies.
Conclusion: We have reported the various types, distributions and morphology of calcifications seen in an African population, similar to those seen in developed countries.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
How to Cite
References
1. Picca DA, Shaw de Paredes E. Calcifications in the breast: A radiologic perspective. Appl Radiol 2003;32:29‑37.
2. Popli M. Pictorial essay: Breast calcification. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2002;12:33‑6.
3. Muttarak M, Kongmebhol P, Sukhamwang N. Breast calcifications: Which are malignant? Singapore Med J 2009;50:907‑13.
4. Berg WA, Birdwell RL, Gombos EC, Wang SC, Parkinson BT, Raza S, et al. Diagnostic Imaging: Breast. 1st ed. Salt Lake City: Amirsys; 2006. p. IV1‑IV116.
5. Michell MJ, Lanuski C, Teh W, Vinnicombe S. The breast. In: Sutton D, editor. Textbook of Radiology and Imaging. 7th ed., Vol. 2. London: Church Livingstone; 2006. p. 1451‑88.
6. Soo MS, Rosen EL, Xia JQ, Ghate S, Baker JA. Computer‑aided detection of amorphous calcifications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;184:887‑92.
7. Nalawade YV. Evaluation of breast calcifications. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2009;19:282‑6.
8. Smithuis R, Pijnappel R. Breast‑Calcifications Differential Diagnosis; 2008. Available from: http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/4703bfde0ed53. [Last accessed on 2011 Apr 14].
9. Demetri‑Lewis A, Slanetz PJ, Eisenberg RL. Breast calcifications: The focal group. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012;198:W325‑43.
10. Sommer G, Kopsa H, Zazgornik J, Salomonowitz E. Breast calcifications in renal hyperparathyroidism. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987; 148:855‑7.
11. Libshitz HI, Montague ED, Paulus DD. Calcifications and the therapeutically irradiated breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1977;128:1021‑5.
12. Stomper PC, Geradts J, Edge SB, Levine EG. Mammographic predictors of the presence and size of invasive carcinomas associated with malignant microcalcification lesions without a mass. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181:1679‑84.
13. Obajimi MO, Ajayi IO, Oluwasola AO, Adedokun BO, Adeniji‑Sofoluwe AT, Mosuro OA, et al. Level of awareness of mammography among women attending outpatient clinics in a teaching hospital in Ibadan, South‑West Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2013;13:40.
14. Bello TO, Olugbenga‑Bello AI, Oguntola AS, Adeoti ML, Ojemakinde OM. Knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening among female nurses and lay women in Osogbo, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2011;30:296‑300.
15. Linden SS, Sickles EA. Sedimented calcium in benign breast cysts: The full spectrum of mammographic presentations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;152:967‑71.
16. Leibman AJ, Staeger CN, Charney DA. Mucocelelike lesions of the breast: Mammographic findings with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006;186:1356‑60.
17. Sickles EA. Mammographic features of 300 consecutive nonpalpable breast cancers. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986;146:661‑3.
18. Homer MJ, Safaii H, Smith TJ, Marchant DJ. The relationship of mammographic microcalcification to histologic malignancy: Radiologic‑pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;153:1187‑9.
19. Sickles EA. Mammographic features of “early” breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984;143:461‑4.
20. Luck AA, Evans AJ, James JJ, Rakha EA, Paish EC, Green AR, et al. Breast carcinoma with basal phenotype: Mammographic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008;191:346‑51.
21. Graf O, Berg WA, Sickles EA. Large rodlike calcifications at mammography: Analysis of morphologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 200:299‑303.
22. Lai KC, Slanetz PJ, Eisenberg RL. Linear breast calcifications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012;199:W151‑7.
23. Akinola RA, Ogbera OA, Onakoya JA, Enabulele CE, Fadeyibi IO. Mammograms and breast arterial calcifications: Looking beyond breast cancer: A preliminary report. BMC Res Notes 2011;4:207.
24. Chen PH, Ghosh ET, Slanetz PJ, Eisenberg RL. Segmental breast calcifications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012;199:W532‑42.
25. Friedman PD, Kalisher L. Case 43: Filariasis. Radiology 2002;222:515‑7.
26. Adeniji‑Sofoluwe AT, Obajimi MO, Oluwasola AO, Soyemi TO. Mammographic parasitic calcifications in South West Nigeria: Prospective and descriptive study. Pan Afr Med J 2013;15:126.